THE REPUBLIC OF UGANDA
THE CENTRE FOR ARBITRATION AND DISPUTE RESOLUTION
CAD/ARB/NO.1 OF 2009
COMTEL INTEGRATORS AFRICA LTD............... APPLICANT
v.
J & M AIRPORT ROAD HOTEL/APARTMENTS
AND LEISURE CENTRE LTD.................... RESPONDENT
RULING
This is an application for the compulsory appointment of a second arbitrator.
On 6th December 2006, the parties concluded a Sale Agreement for the supply and installation of the ICT Network Infrastructure at J & M Airport Road Hotel/Apartments and Leisure Centre Ltd.
11. ARBITRATION
If and whenever any difference shall arise between the Parties hereto relating to the construction of any of the provisions contained or anything done or omitted to be done in regard to the rights and liabilities arising hereunder or arising out of the relation existing between the Parties hereto by reason of this arrangement, such difference shall forthwith be referred to two arbitrators, one to be appointed by each Party. or to an umpire to be appointed by the two arbitrators an every such reference shall be
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conducted in accordance with the provisions of the laws of arbitration for the time being in force in Uganda.
The applicant submitted that a dispute arose between the parties which necessitated termination of the agreement. Further that the applicant is indeed aware the arbitration agreement survives termination of the contract itself.
The applicant relied upon it’s communication, dated 25th November 2008, (Annex B to the Affidavit in Support of the application) to evidence it’s appointment of Patricia Basaza Wasswa as the arbitrator on their part.
Annex C, is the Applicant’s communication to the Respondent, dated 25th November 2008, requesting the appointment of a second arbitrator. The Respondent, as put by the Applicant, to date has never appointed an arbitrator, hence this Application.
Respondent’s counsel submitted as follows:-
1. CADER is enjoined before considering this Application to consider whether there is an arbitration clause.
2. The Applicant had no locus to present this Application, given the contract is now extinguished, owing to termination of the same by the Applicant; moreover Section 3(4) Arbitration and Conciliation Act (hereinafter referred to as the ACA presupposes that there must be an arbitration clause referred to in the agreement. Once the contract was terminated the Applicant lost any right to rely upon the same.
3. The Applicant had sued the Respondent in Comtel Integrators (A) Ltd v. J & M Airport Road Hotel/Apartments and Leisure Centre, HCCS
No.28/2008, Commercial Court Division, High Court.This case was dismissed. The Applicant neither appealed against the dismissal Order nor filed an application to stay the case. In any event the Court being functus officiowould not be in a position to deal with the stay application, which stay order it ought to have given under Section 17(1) ACA.
4. The Respondent by letter dated 28th November 2008 stated it’s position why it was not appointing an arbitrator.
5. The application was bad in law because neither the applicant nor the advocate signed the Notice of Motion. The Notice of Motion failed to show who was the aggrieved party. The application was in such a sorry state that it would appear CADER sanctioned it, without being moved by the interested party, thereby rendering it incurably defective - Masaba v. R, [1967] EA 488.
6. The Applicant never filed any Affidavit in Rejoinder to that filed by the Respondent. This rendered the Respondent’s Affidavit in Reply unassailable - Gandesha v. V.G. Lutaaya, [1994] 3 KALR 20.
7. Under Order 47 Rule Civil Procedure Rules (hereinafter referred to as the CPR) the Applicant has no locus standi,which goes a long way to show the abuse of court process which has been triggered by the application.
8. The Respondent also opposes the Application, given that arbitration is expensive and uncalled for at this stage because there is no agreement binding the parties - Farmland Industries Ltd v. Global Exports Ltd [1991] HCB 72, where it was held that “it was the duty of courts in arbitration proceedings to carry out the intention of the parties ...the intention of the parties was that before going for expensive and long procedures of arbitration, the parties had to first negotiate a settlement failing which they could resort to arbitration”.
9. In conclusion the Respondent prayed for dismissal of the Application.
Both parties in presenting their case, prayed for costs.
The Applicant’s Counsel in reply admitted that there was no Affidavit in Rejoinder filed, simply because all matters had been sufficiently addressed by the Affidavit in Support of the Application.
That Chamber Summons are on the other hand signed by the Issuing Authority and not the litigating party or its advocate. Further that the Summons could not have been defective, for the authority cited by the Respondent’s Counsel referred to Originating Summons and Chamber Summons. In any event that upon perusal of the Chamber Summons anyone could easily decipher who the complainant so to speak is and the content of the application.
Applicant’s Counsel acknowledged that the High Court, had dismissed the case mentioned, but at a preliminary stage. That the dismissal instruction was to refer the matter to arbitration, which order all the parties had agreed to. That in other proceedings the Court did inquire into the progress of arbitration and encouraged the parties to expedite the arbitral process.
Applicant’s Counsel believed that Respondent’s Counsel was of the view that CADER being was an extension of the High Court and this application would only be heard if there was a reference by the Judge; for this reason he submitted that it should be understood whilst CADER was hosted within the High Court, Commercial Court division premises, it was crucial it’s independent status should be understood by all. To this extent this Application was also independent of the aforementioned Comtel Integrators (A) Ltd v. J & M
Airport Road Hotel/Apartments and Leisure Centre, HCCS No.28/2008, Commercial Court Division, High Court.
In response to the submission that the arbitration clause no longer existed, Mr. Stephen Musisi referred me to the contract Clause 12(3)(b) , which reads as follows,
“12 (3) (b)
Termination by any mode shall be without prejudice to either party’s rights under this agreement and shall not disentitle such party to relief in respect of any antecedent breach by the other party”.
To his mind Clause 12(3)(b) keeps alive the dispute between the parties, and therefore the arbitration clause too.
I now turn my mind to the Application.
I do not have to consider the issue raised relating to Order 47 Rule 1 CPR, given that when I requested Respondent’s Counsel to peruse and address her mind to S.1 Civil Procedure Act (hereinafter referred to as the CPA), she recanted her position and concluded that both the CPA and CPR are inapplicable to any Section 11 ACA application.
S.1 CPA provides as follows,
“1. Application.
This Act shall extend to proceedings in the High Court and magistrates courts.”
Grounds 5 and 6 raised by the Respondent, no not stretch my mind because Constitution in Article 126 (2)(e) dictates that substantive justice shall be administered without undue regard to technicalities. I say this having taken the view that CADER fits in within the Article 129 (1)(d) of “such subordinate courts as Parliament may by law establish”.
In any event the Section 11 ACA, is not one regulated by a tedious set of Rules which for example dictate that the Chamber Summons require the signature of the Advocate or the colour of ink or paper. I take the view that such defect was cured by the content of the Application, the substance of which, the Respondent was able to reflect and articulately submit upon, sometimes tautologically.
The Respondent submitted that in the fourth ground that the reasons it advanced, in their communication 28th November 2008, for not appointing an arbitrator pursuant to the arbitration clause were sufficient to render this application nugatory.
The essence of an arbitration agreement is defined in Section 2(1)(c) ACA as follows,
“2(1) (c) “arbitration agreement" means an agreement by the parties to submit to arbitration all or certain disputeswhich have arisen or which may arise between them in respect of a defined legal relationship, whether contractual or not;” (emphasis mine).
Did the 28th November 2008 communicate serve, to clarify the point that there indeed was no dispute?
Saville J., in Hayter v. Nelson,[1990] 2 Lloyds Report 265, page 268, observed that,
"The proposition must be that if a claim is indisputable then it cannot form the subject of a "dispute" or "difference" within the meaning of an arbitration clause. If this is so, then it must follow that a claimant cannot refer an indisputable claim to arbitration under such a clause; and that an arbitrator purporting to make an award in favour of a claimant advancing an indisputable claim would have no jurisdiction to do so. It must further follow that a claim to which there is an indisputably good defence cannot be validly referred to arbitration since, on the same reasoning, there would again be no issue or difference referable to arbitration. To my mind such propositions have only to be stated to be rejected - as indeed they were rejected by Mr. Justice Kerr (as he then was) in The M.Eregli,[1981] 2 Lloyds Report 169 in terms approved by Justices Templeman and Fox in Ellerine v Klinger,[1982] 1 W.L.R. 1375.
As Lord Justice Templeman put it (at p. 1383):-
There is a dispute until the defendant admits
that the sum is due and payable.
In my judgment in this context neither the word "disputes" nor the word "differences" is confined to cases where it cannot then and then be determined whether one party or the other is in the right. Two men have an argument over who won the University Boat Race in a particular year. In ordinary language they have a dispute over whether it was Oxford or Cambridge. The fact that it can be easily and immediately demonstrated beyond any doubt that the one is right and the other is wrong does not and cannot mean that that dispute did not in fact exist. Because one man can be said to indisputably right and the other indisputably wrong does not, in my view, entail that there was therefore never any dispute between them.”
Templeman LJ, in Ellerine Bros Ltd v. Klinger, [1982] 2 All E.R., 737 (at p.741) observed that “...if letters are written by the plaintiff making some request or some demand and the defendant does not reply, then there is a dispute. It is not necessary, for a dispute to arise, that the defendant should write back and say,